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Discover India - various civilizations |
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The civilization that laid the oldest bricks in this subcontinent was known as the indus valley civilization.They had a written language and were highly sophisticated. They originated in the south and moved north, building complex, mathematically-planned cities as these people had remarkable ability.At its height, the Indus civilization extended over half a million square miles across the Indus river valley.Trade was carried out through the sea as far as Mesopotamia. Art activities flourished during that age based on the excavations done in harappa. The first invaders of india were the aryans who bought strong cultural traditions into existence.These people spoke sanskrit and had a flair for arts and poetry. During this time vedas was documented for the first time.They were warriors or conquerors who built large kingdoms throughout north india.During this time caste system came into vogue. The second great invasion were by the persians but their influence was marginal compared to the aryans because they could only rule for 150 years followed by the greeks.While Persians and Greeks subdued the indus valley aryan based kingdoms spread towards east and the maurya dynasty came into existence. The Mauryans set up a rigid and well-organized Empire. The Empire reached it's peak under Emperor Asoka.Again number of empires rose and fell like gupta dynasty and the castes prevailing during this time were buddhism and jainism. |
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A.D 1000 there were a number of competing regional rulers in India.
Feudalism continued since the political structure was based on the
economic system of production and distribution. Raiputs became the
banner-bearers of "Hindu" religion and culture while during
this time Muslim world began to make itself keenly felt.This was
the foundation of the Mughal dynasty, whose six emperors would comprise
most influential of all the Muslim dynasties in India.By 1707 the
Mughal empire crumbled, just as the Europeans were beginning to
flex their own imperialistic muscles. Through a combination of outright
combat and deft alliances with local princes, the East India Company
gained control of all European trade in India by 1769 viewing it
as a source of profit. Infrastructure had been developed, administration
established, and an entire structure of governance erected. The
Indians didn't appreciate this much, and as the 20th century dawned
there were increasing movements towards self-rule. Along with the
desire for independence, tensions between Hindus and Muslims had
also been developing over the years.
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